Denver Union Station a National Standout for Urban Depot Redevelopment

Even as the economy recovers, Americans are driving less. Across the country, in urban areas, we're instead choosing to walk, bike, or take public transit.
 
When we have a long way to go, there's strong evidence that the Great American Roadtrip is also on the wane. Amtrak has set a new ridership record in 10 of the past 11 years, with FY 2013 being its best year ever with 31.6 million passengers riding.
 
With all that demand comes congestion and backups at major rail hubs, but smart cities are anticipating and adapting so that the train station of the future is full, but not crowded. Busy, but not packed. And instead of being a place that commuters hurry through, cities are renovating their train stations to be neighborhood amenities.

Denver: On Time and On Budget The new Union Station is transforming what was once a void right in the middle of the city's urban fabric into a human-friendly place.

Few cities are currently remaking their core in such a dramatic fashion as Denver. In a few short months, the new-and-improved Union Station in Lower Downtown (LoDo) will open and redefine Denver’s city center.

The $500 million redevelopment project, funded by federal, state, city and private investment, is truly transformative, says Elbra Wedgeworth, Chair of the Denver Union Station Project Authority (DUSPA). It was established by then-Denver Mayor (and now-Colorado Governor) John Hickenlooper in 2008, and construction began in 2009.

"It's 96 percent complete now, and on time and on budget," says Wedgeworth. The project is slated for completion in summer 2014.

Union Station was in slow decline until Coors Field was built in downtown Denver in the 1990s, spurring revitalization in the area. It will serve as a major transportation hub for the regional $7 billion FasTracks light-rail system that will soon connect with Denver International Airport and Boulder. Trains currently run from Union Station west to Golden and to the suburbs south of the city, and Amtrak’s California Zephyr route stops here twice a day.

Beyond the transportation infrastructure, the station will house four locally owned restaurants operated by top local restaurateurs (Snooze, The Kitchen Next Door, Stoic & Geuine Fish and Mercantile Dining & Provision) and the boutique, 112-room Crawford Hotel, named for legendary local preservationist Dana Crawford. The project has catalyzed a mixed-use development boom in the surrounding area that includes a wide range of new apartments and businesses, not to mention the first major grocery store in LoDo.

Lack of funding stymied the concept until DUSPA "came up with the idea of working with the Department of Transportation," says Wedgeworth. The project has five public and private partners and nine financial backers.

"There was nothing down there," says Wedgeworth of the 40 acres that comprise the Union Station redevelopment area. “Now there are offices going in, apartments, retail -- it’s amazing."

Add it all up, and the total investment will be well over $1 billion in the immediate area, with the total economic impact estimated at $3 billion.

The new Union Station is transforming what was once a void right in the middle of the city's urban fabric into a human-friendly place. "There are going to be hundreds of thousands of people going through Union Station on a daily basis," says Wedgeworth.
 
The $7 Billion Question in Washington D.C.
 
One of D.C.'s most-visited places and one of the country's busiest train stations is due for an upgrade.
 
Union Station is stuffed to the gills with people -- almost 50,000 of them per day--funneling through narrow platforms and only a few entrances and exits. Consider that a full MARC train can carry 1,050 people -- that's nearly three 747s.
 
An ambitious Master Plan for the station envisions widening the train platforms to move people more efficiently through them, doubling the amount of parking, more than doubling the amount of space for passengers waiting on the concourse and, atop the tracks, adding three million square feet of new buildings -- office, residential, hotels and retail -- in a project known as Burnham Place.
 
"We're knitting a hole in the urban fabric," says Corinne Scheiffer, outreach and communications head for the Union Station Redevelopment Corporation, which manages Union Station. 
 
David Tuchmann, vice president of development for Akridge, which will be developing Burnham Place, adds that while increasing capacity is an important goal, it's not the only goal. "We've succeeded if you say, 'I live right on top of Union Station,' and people say, 'Wow.'" The station, in other words, has to be an amenity in itself -- not just a machine for moving people from point A to point B.
 
So the new Union Station and surrounding area will get seven acres of parks and plazas (including a two-acre elevated greenway that will connect to the Metropolitan Branch Trail), a "substantial" amount of retail, and the train hall, a sweeping glass structure, will be viewable from nearly every proposed building in Burnham Place. The playgrounds, restaurants and shops in Burnham Place will be used by commuters and tourists, not just the people who live and work there. In that way the train station becomes part of the neighborhood and the neighborhood becomes part of the train station.
 
The design also calls for adding at least eight additional entrances to the station (currently there are only three, all clustered on the south and west sides) so that commuters coming from the north don't have to walk as far and neighbors can pass through the station rather than having to walk around it.
 
"It might be that people who live in this area will make this their everyday walk," Tuchmann says. "They can walk down the greenway, enter the station, get a yogurt or smoothie, and walk back. They're not a tourist or commuter." They're not even buying a train ticket. But that's OK.
 
Minor aspects of the first phase of the Master Plan are underway, but the overall plan will take 15 to 20 years and cost $7 billion dollars, paid for from a variety of sources still in negotiations. If completed at this cost, it would be one of the most expensive megaprojects in U.S. history. But, says Tuchmann, "The only solution is generational thinking…We're trying for the bigger moves, to make sure people look back 30 years from now and say, 'Wow.'"
 
It used to be that the train station was intended to be set off from the neighborhood. Trains were louder and smellier, and you only needed to get on one if you were going a long distance. Now, says Brian Harner, master plan coordinator for Amtrak, "we've learned about the power of transportation networks to create cities. The value of that goes way beyond the number of people you move."
 
The Porch in PhillyThe Porch in Philadelphia reinvented the area next to the depot as a lively public space.
 
Philadelphia's main train station on 30th Street, on the banks of the Schuylkill, is the nation's third busiest, with over four million Amtrak passengers boarding or leaving a train here. Add in the local SEPTA trains and New Jersey Transit, and that's seven million passengers a year. Thousands of people see Philly for the first time as they exit the train station.
 
But until a few years ago, the view from outside 30th Street Station was a parking lot.
 
"It was my first impression of Philadelphia," says Prema Gupta, director of planning for the nonprofit University City District (UCD), an organization similar to a BID dedicated to revitalizing the neighborhood surrounding not just the Amtrak station but six colleges and universities nearby. "I got off the train, and you get out of the station and there's this magnificent view of the skyline, but then you're in this concrete jungle and surrounded by automobiles."
 
When the city decided to turn the parallel parking in front of the station into a pedestrian sidewalk, Gupta and UCD argued that it should not be just a pedestrian thruway, but a place where "people close their eyes and put up their feet … [a place where] we can civilize five minutes and encourage people to linger." In 2011, The Porch was born. UCD installed plants, tables and chairs and set up space for events like a farmer's market, outdoor concerts and fitness classes, even mini golf.
 
In the first summer, almost 25,000 people visited the space--not just passed through, something Gupta can say with certainty because UCD surveyed the space every hour, every day of the week to determine how The Porch was being used. UCD wanted to "demonstrate that there's a huge amount of demand to justify future investments."
 
With 11 acres of nearby surface parking under study by Amtrak, Drexel University and Brandywine Realty Trust for redevelopment, and with 30th Street Station itself scheduled for a future renovation, those future investments in a pedestrian-friendly, relaxing, green space seem like a no-brainer.
 
Raising up Lowertown in St. Paul
 
If you were to take Amtrak into the Twin Cities today, you'd end up in Midway Station, on the aptly named Transfer Road. About halfway between the downtowns of Minneapolis and St. Paul, the 1970's era building is about as attractive as 1970's-era buildings are, which is to say not very much.
 
But if you were to ride Amtrak to the Twin Cities in a few months, you'd coast into downtown St. Paul's newly-restored Union Depot, the original train station for St. Paul and the only historic train station remaining in the Twin Cities.
 
More than 10 years ago, the Ramsey County Rail Authority determined that bringing rail back to downtown would be a positive for the city of St. Paul. After Midway Station opened, the historic Union Depot in the neighborhood of Lowertown was used as storage for the post office. Finally, after a decade and a $250 million renovation, Union Depot reopened to the public in 2012. It's currently a bus hub, but Amtrak is expected to move back before the end of the first quarter of this year, and a light rail line will open this summer. "Amtrak was really excited when the board undertook this initiative to...bring back Union Depot," says Tim Mayasich, director of the RCRA. "It's a much better experience for their passengers to be here."
 
The Twin Cities Amtrak station saw over 116,000 boardings and alightings in the last year, and the one route that runs through the Twin Cities is "busting at the seams," Mayasich says, because it runs west through North Dakota where the fracking boom is attracting thousands of workers.
 
Redeveloping the central train station has had predictable effects on the nearby neighborhood. Lowertown is now the fastest growing part of St. Paul, full of artists, restaurants and soon the local minor league baseball stadium.
 
Midway Station served its purpose, says RCRA real estate manager Jean Krueger, "but it's kind of nowhere. Whereas Union Depot is going to be one of those things where everyone is going to know where it is."
 
Rachel Kaufman is Managing Editor of Elevation DC. Additional reporting and writing by Eric Peterson of Confluence Denver.