Putting Art at the Heart of Neighborhood Redevelopment

In cities wracked by urban problems such as foreclosure, poverty and vacancy, artists are often seen as developers of last resort, the first to move in and the first to get displaced as rents and property values inevitably escalate. Or as one arts advocate comments wryly, "We’ve all seen the SoHo movie, and we know how it ends."

Yet in the post-recession landscape, a number of artists and communities are choosing a different path. They’re integrating artists into community development strategies and using art to help transform neighborhoods. The goal is to spur growth in communities, provide opportunities for artists to thrive, and help existing residents prosper, as well.  

"We help communities tap into the power that artists provide, and to understand how they can use artists to help achieve their goals," says Laura Zabel, Executive Director ofSpringboard for the Arts, a nonprofit organization with offices in St. Paul and Fergus, Minnesota whose mission is to cultivate vibrant communities through the arts.   

"If there’s one thing we’ve learned from the past several years, it’s that the ways we’re trying to address issues in our community are not working well," she adds. "We need to think about them creatively, and artists are an asset that exists in every community."

Recently, Springboard launched Creative Exchange, a national platform that shares stories of artists impacting their communities and promotes dialogue and conversation.

Highlighting an effective example of artist engagement, Zabel cites Irrigate, a project which engaged artists in placemaking efforts on the Central Corridor rail line in St. Paul. Irrigate engaged over 350 artists in 150 projects, including painting a purple hippopotamus mural on the side of a building and hosting music in local restaurants.

"This has always been the work of artists," says Zabel. "Since the dawn of humanity, they’ve been creating work that engages and challenges communities. But there is a growing awareness among cities and communities and towns that, in the economic development and community development sectors, this is a really effective strategy."

In this story, we share a few highlights from Creative Exchange’s coverage. We invite you to check out the new platform, read the stories on the site and join the conversation.

Say hello to my little film festival: Miami

Filmmaker Lucas Leyva grew up in Miami and always thought of leaving. Then the recession changed everything, and when he returned after graduate school, he saw an authentic artistic culture taking root in his hometown. So he helped launch the Borscht Film Festival along with other filmmakers to promote independent filmmaking culture in Miami.

"In the mainstream media, Miami is represented as cocaine, guns and fake breasts on South Beach," says Leyva, who Lucas Leyva of Borscht Corp.serves as Creative Director of the festival. "But there is a more vibrant culture and more interesting narratives here than depicted in the media."

When the festival was created in 2004, there was no infrastructure in place to help young people who wanted to make original films. There was only one art house cinema in town, and while they hosted a film festival every year, it didn’t feature many local artists. The Borscht Festival has been running for 10 years now and grows every year.

"We never thought so many people would turn out to see these little films about the city made by these kids who weren’t really good at making films," says Leyva. "We would sell out [screenings in these] underutilized spaces because the interest was there."

When the festival first started, the organizers would rent out the biggest theatre they could afford for one night only. Now the festival is a week-long affair, and last year they rented and sold out a 2,400 seat opera house to screen their main performances. In the past, organizers have watched with incredulity as tickets were scalped on the Internet.

The tremendous improvement in the quality and affordability of digital cameras has allowed the organizers at Borscht to help indie filmmakers find their voice. Now the team doesn't just screen films at their own festival; they actively help create them. Many of the films screened at the film festival are commissioned for the event and produced with festival assistance.

The festival also connects the dots among various facets of the burgeoning industry, helping filmmakers negotiate rates for rental houses, get insurance or find equipment.

Films co-produced by Borscht have now been shown at hundreds of film festivals around the world, including Sundance, and the group is beginning to offer regular programming. Borscht has received funding from the Knight Foundation to create the Miami Independent Cinema Fund and to help the festival transform Miami into a center for independent filmmaking.

The festival takes place every other year, and is coming up again in December. This year’s event will feature Scarface Redux, a pastiche of the original 70s film. Filmmakers are remaking 15-second chunks of the film to ‘take it back’ and present a new, more authentic Miami. The results should be unexpected, possibly wacky and definitely fun, says Leyva.

"It always goes back to when we started as kids in high school," says Leyva, reflecting back on his beginnings and the desire to reflect a more authentic version of his city’s culture through art. "Now there are kids in Miami making things that go around the world."

Exploring the outer limits of identity: Detroit

The Hinterlands is an experimental performance art group based in Detroit that explores the boundaries of neighborhoods, identity and art. Fittingly, they’re located in NoHam -- a section of northern Hamtramck known as a borderland because of its non-native population.

In its current work, the group is not only exploring the concept of hinterlands through its art, but also actively participating in redeveloping this challenged community. The Hinterlands have leased a renovated property that was once a problem drug house from Power House Productions, and they are using "Play House" as a studio and performance space.

"Hinterlands are the areas at the edge of the map just beyond civilization, but you can still see them on the map," explains Liza Bielby, who started The Hinterlands with cohort Richard Newman. "We want to … get our audience to these unexplored places."

Thanks to a grant from ArtPlace, Power House Productions has transformed the NoHam area into an ecosystem for artistic The Hinterlands' "Play House" performance space.innovation -- the group has already renovated several houses within a six-block area and also built a sculpture park and skate park.

The Hinterlands troupe is using Play House as a place to create and try out new work, host workshops and organize trainings. They also loan it out to other groups, such as the Bangla School of Music, where musician, activist and scholar Akram Hossain teaches classical and contemporary Bangla music through singing, slide guitar, and harmonium lessons.

Bielby describes The Hinterlands’ work as "a mesh between dance theatre and performance art." Past works have included the postmodern, psychedelic Wild West showManifest Destiny! (there was blood on the saddle), Dreamtigers, Drive-In Radio Theatre,and The Circuit, which is something of a madcap resurrection of Vaudeville in the Internet age. Over the years, the group has toured Kosovo, Canada, China and Macedonia.

The group also regularly offers free trainings in performance art open to anyone. "Training is a way for us to get to these unexplored places of the Hinterlands," Bielby explains.

The Hinterlands' next major project will continue the group’s exploration of the themes of place and identity. The Porous Borders Festival, which will be held in NoHam in May 2015, was one of the winning projects in last year's Knight Arts Challenge. Held in their border neighborhood, the festival will, of course, examine the nature of borders in multiple ways.

Bielby is glad she returned to her home state. "This was somewhere that [our work] could be sustainable and we could afford to live. We bought a house -- I never thought I'd be a homeowner -- and have a [studio] space and really awesome neighbors."

A collective approach to transformation: Philadelphia

The City of Philadelphia is known worldwide for its successful, city-run Mural Arts Program.  Yet what are perhaps lesser known are the small artistic engines chugging this city’s arts renaissance forward.

One of these engines is Grizzly Grizzly, a collective of six artists: Talia Greene, Michael Konrad, Ruth Scott Blackson, Mary Smull, Cindy Stockton Moore and Josh Weiss.

Cindy Stockton Moore of Grizzly Grizzly.These artists are each involved in their own projects, but they’re also involved in broader projects such as Community Supported Art (CSA) and CITYWIDE. CSA is a takeoff on the notion of community-supported agriculture, in which individuals purchase a share of locally grown food. These shares offer something entirely different -- namely, awesome art.

CSA Philadelphia was one of two such programs that launched in 2012. Grizzly Grizzly, in collaboration with neighboring collective Tiger Strikes Asteroid and with support from the Knight Foundation, Springboard for the Arts, and the city, identified a range of artwork, from sculptural installations and paintings to wearable paper art and ceramics. In that CSA, there were nine artists featured and three separate pickups, and individual shares cost $350.

CITYWIDE brought together 26 different collectives and artist-run spaces across the city to promote the Philly art scene. "We're insiders; we know all these great little spaces doing this great programming within their communities," says Grizzly Grizzly member Cindy Stockton Moore. "We bonded together as a larger group and were able to publicize everyone as a whole."

CITYWIDE offered trolleys to take visitors around to different gallery locations, exposing more Philadelphians to the city’s artists and linking various arts districts together.

Stockton Moore says being part of Grizzly Grizzly and the city’s art scene has allowed her to connect with her community. "This would not have happened if it weren't for Grizzly Grizzly."

P.S. You Are Here

In Denver, a new city grant program looks to spark forgotten public spaces with temporary public art. Lisa Gedgaudas, Program Administrator for Create Denver, says P.S. You Are Here is one of just two arts-oriented grant programs funded by the city, the other being a graffiti prevention program that has funded 100 murals.

For P.S. You Are Here's first year, there were 46 applicants, eight were selected for $40,000 in grants (the recipients will be identified in August), with awards ranging from $1,000 to $7,500.

Look for the P.S. You Are Here projects to start popping up in September. "Some of them are grassroots and some are really established," says Gedgaudas. Some will be installed in parks and others will be on streets and in alleys, she adds. "All of them are very different."

The P.S. You Are Here committee has members from a host of agencies, including Denver Parks & Recreation, Community Planning & Development and Public Works. The multi-departmental approach is one of the program's biggest strengths, says Gedgaudas. "When we can speak about arts and advocate within our own agency, it's really incredible," she says. "It's not 'no,’ it's 'yes' or 'yes, but....’"

She says she hopes to build on the program for 2015 and "create a path” for artists in the future, adding, "Next year, we're hoping to get more budget."

A bump in funding would mean many of this year's applicants whose projects were not selected could take another swing at a grant next year, or use the P.S. You Are Here framework to pursue their project regardless of funding.

"To me, that's 46 seedlings of ideas," says Gedgaudas. "This toolkit can become a resource for artists moving forward."

Giving voice through art and community: St. Paul

There are roughly 30,000 Hmong-Americans living in Saint Paul, Minnesota today, more than any other city in the country. The Hmong are an Asian ethnic group believed to have originated in the mountainous Yangtze River basin of southern China. During the Vietnam War, Hmong people living in Laos were trained by the CIA to fight communist forces, and afterwards faced mass genocide by the government, forcing them to seek political asylum.

The Hmong have their own language, religion, distinct culture and traditions. They have a rich oral history passed down to each generation through legends, ritual ceremonies, textile art and story cloths, yet they have little written history predating modern times.

Oskar Ly is a Hmong French American in Saint Paul. She grew up in a traditional household where her mother was always sewing, and as she got older Ly decided to make her own fashions. Today she is a fashion designer, hair and makeup artist, singer and songwriter who fosters and promotes Hmong arts and talent in Saint Paul.

Oskar Ly at "Home Is..." in St. Paul.For Ly, creating music is an opportunity to celebrate and share Hmong culture, but also to navigate between multiple cultural identities and try to reconcile her ethnic heritage with her western upbringing. As a second generation immigrant, she is inspired by more than Hmong music; she also draws from pop, folk, hip-hop and many other genres.

"Art is a way to tell our experiences and share our stories," she says. "With the Hmong community, there are not enough narratives out there to paint a portrait of where it is going or how it is changing … With the arts, people are in control of how they tell their stories."
 
Ly has been a leader in the organization and an ambassador for Hmong arts for several years, exploring Hmong culture and community-building through music and fashion. Saint Paul is home to the first Hmong arts center in the country, the Center for Hmong Arts and Talent (CHAT). While the Hmong have no history of written language, their history and culture is often worn directly on the body in bright, intricate costumes.

Ly also works with Shades of Yellow, the only Hmong LGBT organization in the country, and helped to organize a Queer New Year event. "Much like in the Asian community, there is a lot of homophobia deeply ingrained in [the Hmong] community," she says.

By working with different arts organizations and fostering relationships with other artists and arts advocates, Ly has become an arts organizer. Her most recent project has taken her off the runway and put her on the streets -- leading the highly visible project ARTIFY, a placemaking project that transformed the blighted corner of Hamline and University, the site of a former car dealership that had been vacant for 10 years, into a public art showcase.

She worked with local artists to create and share on the site and create a sense of place and neighborhood pride. The project had the theme "Home is…" which encouraged artists to reinterpret the concepts of home, neighborhood, and community.
 
"[I've been] hearing from community members their stories on how they used to experience the site and how they've grown a sense of pride about the site instead of it being just another empty spot," she says.